Arm pain is one of those symptoms that can seem minor at first but often hints at a more complex issue beneath the surface. From a dull ache to sharp, shooting discomfort, arm pain can disrupt your daily routine and limit everything from lifting objects to simply typing on a keyboard.
Dr. Jordan Sudberg, a highly regarded pain management specialist with years of experience treating musculoskeletal and neurological conditions, emphasizes that pinpointing the true cause of arm pain is essential for effective treatment. “Many people focus on the site of the pain, but the source is often elsewhere in the body,” says Sudberg.
In this article, Dr. Sudberg walks us through the most common—and some lesser-known—causes of arm pain, and why understanding them matters for long-term relief.
1. Muscle Strain or Overuse
One of the most straightforward causes of arm pain is muscle strain, especially in people who engage in repetitive motion—whether through sports, physical labor, or desk work.
“Overuse injuries can creep up slowly,” explains Dr. Sudberg. “You may not notice pain right away, but repeated stress causes microtears in muscle fibers, leading to soreness and inflammation over time.”
Treatment often includes rest, physical therapy, and posture correction.
2. Nerve Compression (e.g., Cervical Radiculopathy)
Many cases of arm pain actually originate from the neck. Herniated discs or degenerative changes in the cervical spine can compress nerves that travel down the arm, leading to symptoms such as pain, tingling, or numbness.
“This is one of the most overlooked causes of arm pain,” says Dr. Sudberg. “Patients often think they have a problem in the arm, but the real issue is in the spine.”
A physical exam, MRI, or nerve conduction study can help confirm this diagnosis, and treatments may include anti-inflammatory medication, spinal decompression, or targeted injections.
3. Tendonitis
Tendonitis in the shoulder, elbow, or wrist—such as tennis elbow or rotator cuff tendonitis—is a frequent culprit in arm discomfort. These conditions are characterized by inflammation in the tendons that connect muscle to bone, often caused by overuse or improper movement.
Dr. Sudberg explains, “Tendonitis typically presents with localized pain and sensitivity, especially during specific movements like lifting or reaching.”
Management involves ice, rest, physical therapy, and in some cases, corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation.
4. Referred Pain from the Heart
Not all arm pain stems from a musculoskeletal cause. In some cases, pain in the left arm, particularly if it comes on suddenly and is accompanied by chest discomfort, shortness of breath, or nausea, could be a sign of a heart attack.
Dr. Sudberg cautions, “If someone experiences unexplained arm pain along with other cardiovascular symptoms, it’s a medical emergency. Always err on the side of caution and seek immediate help.”
5. Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursae—fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints—can also cause arm pain, especially near the shoulder or elbow. Bursitis often results from repetitive motion or direct trauma.
Symptoms include localized swelling, stiffness, and pain that worsens with movement or pressure.
6. Arthritis
Both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can cause joint pain that radiates through the arm. Symptoms often include stiffness, joint swelling, and reduced range of motion.
According to Dr. Sudberg, “Arthritis-related arm pain tends to come on gradually and may worsen with age or activity. It requires a multi-faceted approach that can include medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.”
When to See a Pain Specialist
If arm pain persists for more than a few days, limits your movement, or is accompanied by other symptoms like numbness or chest pain, it’s time to consult a professional.
Dr. Jordan Sudberg’s multidisciplinary approach focuses on accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment. “Pain is never just one thing. It’s usually a combination of mechanical, neurological, and sometimes emotional factors,” he says.
By combining advanced diagnostics with tailored rehabilitation programs, Dr. Sudberg helps patients address both the symptoms and the root cause of their pain.
Final Thoughts
Arm pain is a common but often misunderstood symptom. Whether it stems from a strained muscle or a pinched nerve in the spine, the key to relief lies in understanding the why behind the pain. With expert insight from specialists like Dr. Jordan Sudberg, patients can finally get the answers—and the relief—they deserve.
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